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Biblioteca (25) resultados de: "science"

Glosario: (24) resultados de: "science"

  • extreme science An approach to scientific research that is outside what is considered average, normal practice. This research approach includes projects like the Experimental Lakes Area, where researchers intentionally polluted a very large pristine lake to measure the effects of excess nutrients. In another example of extreme science, in 2013 a group of medical professionals accompanied 12 children (aged 8 to 16) from the United Kingdom on a climb of Mount Everest. The purpose of this trip was to research the effects of high altitude (low oxygen) on children and provide information on how human muscle responds to oxygen-deprivation.
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science A professional society established in 1848 that serves scientists in all disciplines. The mission of AAAS is to "advance science, engineering, and innovation throughout the world for the benefit of all people." AAAS hosts an annual meeting, publishes the journal Science, and has numerous programs that promote science education and the interactions between science and policy. More information about AAAS can be found on their website.
  • National Science Foundation (Fundación Nacional de la Ciencia) Una agencia gubernamental de EEUU que apoya la investigación y la educación fundamental en todas las áreas no-medicas de la ciencia y la ingeniería. Para más información ver http://www.nsf.gov
  • limiting factor The essential resource an organism needs for life that is in shortest supply in their environment. In environmental science, this usually means the resource (e.g., food supply, water supply, air to breathe) that is limiting the growth of an organism or population within a given ecosystem. For example, the number of fish that can survive in an aquarium depends on the amount of food, dissolved oxygen, and space available. If there is enough space and oxygen, but not enough food, the fish population will decrease. The individual organisms will only be able to survive as long as their basic needs for life are met. The factor that is in least supply is limiting the growth of the organism and/or population.
  • maximum depth In aquatic sciences, the deepest part of a specified area, such as a lake or gulf. Depth is an important factor in aquatic systems because it influences the water body’s overall temperature, water volume, and its ability to sustain plant and animal life. Shallow ponds, for example, will be warmer overall than deeper ponds in the same geographical region because they have a greater surface area/depth ratio, and so the available sunlight warms the water to a greater extent.
  • visibility The distance the human eye can see through a given medium, such as air or water, under certain environmental conditions.

    In aquatic sciences, visibility is usually measured in meters with a Secchi disc. Visibility in water can be an indication of water turbulence. As water moves within a given area, it stirs up sediment and nutrients that have settled onto the area’s bottom – an action similar to shaking a snow globe. Visibility can also be an indication of how much productivity is occurring in the aquatic system. For example, all other variables being equal, a pond that is rich in plant and animal life will likely have a lower visibility than a pond that has very little life. This is because there are more plankton and particulate matter in the water column of the pond rich in life – similar to the difference between looking down a crowded street and looking down the same street when it is empty of people.
  • conductivity A measurement of a substance’s ability to transmit (or conduct) heat, sound, or electricity. For example, copper exhibits high conductivity in relation to the transfer of heat or electricity.

    In aquatic science, conductivity is a measurement of water’s ability to conduct electricity. Along with salinity (the measurement of salt dissolved in a volume of water), conductivity provides information on what kinds of dissolved solids are in the water. Water with a high concentration of inorganic salts, for example, will conduct electricity much faster than water with a lower concentrations.
  • conference A large, formal meeting where many people gather for a particular purpose, such as to talk about research in a certain field of science.
  • Gauss, Carl Friedrich German mathematician born in Brunswick, Germany (1777 – 1885 CE). Sometimes called the “prince of mathematics,” Gauss made important contributions to many fields of mathematics and science. In his major 1809 work Theoria motus corporum coelestium, Gauss presented several mathematical approaches for addressing the experimental measurement errors that plagued astronomers of the time. These included the method of least squares and a mathematical derivation of the normal distribution.
  • law In science, a principle that describes a phenomenon, often mathematically.
  • optical Related to the science of light.
  • Haldane, J.B.S. (1892–1964) John Burdon Sanderson Haldane (known most frequently as JBS Haldane) contributed to several areas of science. He connected Darwin’s theory of natural selection with Mendel’s laws of genetics, proposing the first modern hypothesis on the origin of life. He also explored decompression sickness occurring in people returning to sea level after working underwater on bridges. In his era, Haldane was well known throughout British society as an advocate and explainer of science.
  • AAAS American Association for the Advancement of Science, pronounced "Triple-A ess."
  • adiabatic denoting a process where heat does not enter or leave a system. In atmospheric science, this pertains to changes in temperature caused by expansion (cooling) and compression (warming) of air, with no exchange of heat with the surrounding air.
  • Abstracto In science, an abstract is a brief statement of essential information contained within a document or presentation. An abstract is not an introduction, rather it concentrates the most pertinent information to facilitate understanding of the main points of the document. Most scientific journal articles include an abstract at the beginning of the article which is uploaded to literature databases to facilitate information searches; and scientists also submit abstracts that summarize what they will present at a scientific meeting. See this Writing@CSU page for additional information.
  • Agassiz, Louis (1807-1873) A geologist and paleontologist, born and educated in Europe, but regarded as one of the founding fathers of American science. While in Switzerland and France, Agassiz studied comparative anatomy under Georges Cuvier in 1832, focusing on fossil and modern fish. In 1836, he began to study glacial landforms and became a strong proponent of the theory of glacial ice ages. In 1848, Agassiz accepted a position at Harvard University and moved to the United States, where he helped found the National Academy of Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and served as a regent of the Smithsonian Institution.
  • Alhazen The Latinized name for the Muslim scientist Abū-Alī al-Hasan ibn al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham who was born in Basra, Mesopotamia (Iraq) (965-1039 CE). Alhazen made significant contributions in the fields of astronomy, mathematics, medicine, and most significantly, optics. His work in optics irrefutably proved that vision is a function of external light rays entering the human eye; and his rigorous and quantitative approach formed the basis of the modern experimental method in science.
  • American Geophysical Union A professional society established in 1919, originally as part of the National Academy of Sciences, but now an independent organization. The mission of AGU is "to promote discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity"; the primary means of achieving that mission is through hosting two annual meetings and publishing numerous journals. More information about AGU can be found on their website.
  • ciudadano científico Una persona (usualmente un voluntario o estudiante) que no es un profesional pero contribuye a investigación científica. Algunos ciudadanos científicos asisten a investigadores en analizar grandes conjuntos de datos. Otros ayudan reportando cosas como la caída de lluvia o especies de aves observadas en sus patios. Proyectos exitosos, como esos llevados a cabo por el Laboratorio de Ornitología de Cornell y el Servicio Nacional de Meteorología, comúnmente dependen de voluntarios en varias ubicaciones realizando observaciones repetidas. Esto puede permitir a proyectos de ciencia ciudadana alcanzar resultados que un científico individual o un equipo pequeño no puedan alcanzar.

    Vea como ciudadanos científicos han contribuido al conocimiento científico por medio de proyectos en el aprenda mas acerca de ciencia ciudadana o explore la lista de proyectos de ciencia ciudadana que ocupan voluntarios de Scientific American.
  • Dana, James Dwight Geólogo americano, minerólogo y naturalista, nacido en Utica, Nueva York (1813-1895). Dana publico Un Sistema de Mineralogía en 1837, que se mantiene como un estándar en el área. Funciono como geólogo y minerólogo en la Expedición de los EUA a Antártida y los Mares del Sur en 1838-1842. Al regresar a EUA publico Zoófitos (1846), Geología (1849) y Crustacea (1852-55). Funciono como co-editor de American Journal of Science. Sus otras publicaciones incluyen Manual de Geología (1862), Manual de Mineralogía (1843), Corales e Islas Coralinas (1872) y Características de Volcanes (1890). Para más información ver James Dwight Dana.
  • Exactitud In science, the term accuracy describes how well a measurement approximates the theoretically correct value of that measurement, for example, how close an arrow strikes to the center of a target. Accuracy provides a measure of the systematic error associated with a value. Compare to precision. See the module Uncertainty, Error, and Confidence.
  • Galileo Galilei The Italian physicist, mathematician, and astronomer born in Pisa in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1564-1642 CE). Among other things, Galileo studied the acceleration of objects and discovered the four largest moons of the planet Jupiter. His work significantly advanced the use of quantitative experimentation in science, and he made noteworthy contributions in the development of technology: he invented the refracting telescope, perfected the compound microscope, and improved compass design. Galileo was famously jailed during the Inquisition for his support of Copernicus’s heliocentric view of the cosmos. For further information see Galileo Galilei
  • NSF Siglas en inglés de la Fundación Nacional de la Ciencia (National Science Foundation)
  • Remak, Robert Doctos y microscopista Polaco (1815-1865) que vivió y trabajó primordialmente en Berlin, Alemania.. Remak descubrió que nuevas células son generadas por medio de la división de células existentes. Remak hizo numerosas contribuciones adicionales a la teoría de celuar, sin embargo fue negado continuamente un profesorado debido a su religión Judía. Para mas información vea Robert Remak.

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