Statistics in Science

Statistics in scientific research relate to uncertainty in which of the following ways?

• a.Statistics are used to eliminate uncertainty.
• b.Statistics are used to measure uncertainty.
• c.Statistics are used to increase uncertainty.
• d.Statistics do not relate to uncertainty.

What are three concepts that Ronald Fisher introduced into research design?

• a.experimentation, comparison, and modeling
• b.mean, median, and standard deviation
• c.comparison, standard deviation, and randomization
• d.controls, randomization, and replication

Statistics provide a measure of proof of whether something is true.

• a.true
• b.false

The concept of randomization is best described as

• a.the assignment of controls or treatments to minimize confounding variables.
• b.the assignment of controls or treatments completely at random.
• c.the random sampling of research data across different types of experiments.
• d.the random assignment of researchers to projects to assure no personal bias in scientific research.

Descriptive statistics

• a.are used to sum up major attributes of a dataset.
• b.are used to model patterns in data or make judgments about data.
• c.are used to draw conclusions that are absolute.
• d.are used to provide a measurement of proof.

Inferential statistics

• a.are used to sum up major attributes of a dataset.
• b.are used to model patterns in data or make judgments about data.
• c.are used to draw conclusions that are absolute.
• d.are used to provide a measurement of proof.

If a scientific conclusion is shown to be "statistically significant," it means that

• a.it is a very important conclusion.
• b.the conclusion is definitely correct.
• c.there is a high probability that the conclusion is due to a random association.
• d.there is a low probability that the conclusion is due to a random association.