Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Kinetic-molecular theory makes several assumptions about

• a.the size and energy of molecules.
• b.the motion and energy of molecules.
• c.the motion and size of molecules.
• d.the size and weight of molecules.

Rudolf Clausius supported the idea of caloric theory, which regarded heat as a substance that surrounds molecules.

• a.false
• b.true

Swiss mathematician Daniel Bernoulli performed a thought experiment and developed ideas that form the basis of modern kinetic-molecular theory. Which of the following concepts was NOT proposed by Bernoulli?

• a.Bernoulli thought a heat substance engulfed gas molecules, causing them to repel each other so forcefully they would shoot into the walls of a container.
• b.Bernoulli assumed that gas molecules behave like tiny spheres in constant linear motion.
• c.Bernoulli reasoned that gas molecules would constantly collide with each other and the walls of a container, thereby exerting pressure on the walls.
• d.Bernoulli assumed that heat affects the movement of molecules.

Clausius proposed that heat is a form of _____ that affects the temperature of matter by changing the motion of molecules.

• a.gas
• b.velocity
• c.molecular mass
• d.energy

Using his kinetic energy equation, Clausius discovered that molecules such as oxygen travel at 461 m/s (extremely fast). However, a problem was pointed out in this theory with perfume as an example. What was it?

• a.This movement of molecules was slower than most people experienced.
• b.This movement of molecules was faster than most people experienced.
• c.Some perfumes are stronger smelling than others.
• d.Some perfumes are weaker smelling than others.

The average distance that a molecule travels between collisions is known as its _____ .

• a.kinetic energy
• b.mean restricted path
• c.mean free path
• d.velocity

Maxwell theorized that the gas molecules in a sample of gas are moving at _____ speeds.

• a.different
• b.the same
• c.the fastest possible
• d.the slowest possible

One limitation of kinetic-molecular theory for real gases is that real gases _____.

• a.are in periodic, calculated, circular motion
• b.are not affected by the volume of molecules
• c.do not experience intermolecular forces
• d.do experience intermolecular forces

Kinetic-molecular theory is most useful and accurate when gases are at _____ or at _____ .

• a.high temperature; high pressure
• b.high temperature; low pressure
• c.low temperature; high pressure
• d.low temperature; low pressure