The Practice of Science: An Introduction to Research Methods

There are no examples of scientific research prior to the Scientific Revolution in Europe in the 16th century.

• a.true
• b.false

Which of the following is NOT a component of all scientific research methods?

• a.being open to potential results
• b.gathering data
• c.having other scientists review methods and findings
• d.manipulating variables

In Novum Organum, Francis Bacon wrote about

• a.a method of reasoning that involves a repeating cycle of observation, hypothesis, and experimentation.
• b.a method of reasoning that relies on philosophy instead of observation and study.
• c.a challenge to the heliocentric view of the universe.
• d.a methodology for analyzing data that involves statistical analysis.

The problem with the traditional presentation of the scientific method as seen below is that

• a.scientific research rarely proceeds in a neat, linear fashion.
• b.experimentation is not the only research method available to scientists.
• c.not all research studies begin with a question.
• d.All of the other choices are correct.

The research that led to the adoption of the international agreement known as the Montreal Protocol, which limited the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs),

• a.involved only modeling.
• b.involved only experiments.
• c.involved several different methods.
• d.involved a type of method that cannot be easily classified.